Fluid-pressure motor



May s. 192s. 1,669,233

E. DUCHESNE FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR Filed Dec. 2, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 My 8, 1928. l 1,669,233

E. DUCHESNE FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR Filed Dec. 2. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet .2

INVENTOR mnu WI TNESSES Patented May 8, 1928.

UNITED .STATES ERNESTL DUCHSNE, OFSCHENECTADY, NE'vv Yoan.

FLUID-PRESSURE Moron.

Application led December 2,-1924. Seria1`N'o( 753,426.

My inifenti-on relates to portable iufi'd:

pressure motors designed for drilling,tap ping and similar operations usually per-- formed with aportable tool, and is designed to `provide a light We1ght,\compact, and comparatively powerful mechanism, capable of doing Work ordinarily done by machines of a inuch yheavier character and which has great flexibility in speed'.V To this endjin my improved machine, kthe tluid pressure cylinder pistons are connected to a Worm drive, which a gear having'the tool 'socket iiXed thereto is driven.A My invention `also comprises an automat-ic valve control by the driven gear; the disposition ofthe cylinders relative to the Worm; the connection between the pistons and the Worm; the mounting of the Worm in hearings between the parts of they motor housing; and various other features. Y The improvement claimed is hereinafter fullyv set forth.

Inthe accompanying drawings: Figure'l isa plan viewppartly in section, of a device embodying the invention; Fig. 2, a vertical section, taken three quarters on the line H II of Fig. 1, and onequarter on the line II Hof Fig. l, Fig. 3, akvertical section, taken on the line III 11H of Fig. 1', Fig. 4f, a vertical section taken on the line IV IV of Fig. 1^; Fig. l, a partial section, takeii` on the line IV IVaofFig'; 41: and, Fig.5, a section, taken on the line V- V of Fig, 2.' In the practice of my invention, referring descriptively vto the specific embodiment thereof, which is herein exemplified', A indi.

cates the upper housing of the machine having preferably yintegral therewith, the cylinders 2 and valve chamber 3, of each of Which I have shown. four;r a Worin wheel chamber 4i; a chamber or pocket 5-,for "thek air control throttie;a spindle hearing 6; a seat fora spindle thrust plufgf; and an ordinary handle socket 8. The housing A also has` flangesV 9, apertui'ed to A register with the apertures in the. `flanges 10 of the-lower housing B, and the tivo housings are .secured together'by the boltsll, which extendl through the aperturesin the said flanges 9. and 10. The two flangesy) and 10" are formed with semi-circularrecesses for the supportingtrunnions 13, 7(sli'onni inv dotted lines in Figs.,2 and 4)', of the colla-D514.,

which support the Wor'm15.;

Thehousin'g" A also contains-air ports, 16 and 17, leading from'the Vchamber or pocket 5, and ports 18,`leading intoeach cylinder, from ythe valve chambers 3. An exhaust port, 19, leads ber 5. y 5 i f n Thepistons 20 are Vcoupled to the connecting rods 21, by the usual ba'll'joints 21a. The

cylinders 2 are disposed at such angles, oneA tothe other, andto the axisof the Worm 15, that one-piece'connecting rods 21 may be outwardly from the cham#y employed. Two of these rods 21 are coupled to each crank 22 (there being tivo cranks) by a ball bearing joint, and the cranks 22 are assembled at 180o to each other. Each oft-he cranks 22lis formed integral wid-1,01' fixed to, one of a pair of shafts 23, upon the axis of which it rotates, and the shafts extend inline axially into a tWo-'Wayftapered centeral aperture in the Worm 15, and are rigidly held therein by a holt 24.-. The Worm 15 is supported, nearits ends, in the ball bearing races 141, which in turn are supn ported by the collars 14, and the collars by their. trunnions 13 in the housings 'A and B. .EngagingA the vvorniv15, in a. Worn-r Wheel 25, which is lixedon a rotating spindle. 26,' journalled in the "housingA, and is `held from lateral movement by the shoulders26, which, on one side, engage the sides .of the wheel chamber .4, and,\on theother, the spindlethrust plugyi The spindle 26 may be e readily removed throughV the seat for the@ plug. In the outer end of the spindle 26, there is formed a tool sockety 261. On the periphery of `the Worin Wheel hubeat each side of theivheel, there isisecured a spur gear 27, each of which gears engagesa pin ion 2801i' a valve 29 on that side of the Worm wheel 25.

Each. valve 29 has ay central chamber 30, and exterior annular grooves 31 and 32, which are 'respectively in alignment with the port openings 17'nl and 16, in the Wall of the valvechamber 3, and thus ensure a con`-- tinuous connection with the ports 17 and 16, through the vair`ducts17b and 16, respectively.;` The groove 31 is connected, by` the port 31.?, Withthe hollow valve centerxSU. Connecting with the` groove 32 aretvvo grooves 82a arranged 180 `from eachother on thevalve,l and extending 'longitudinally along the exterior thereofto a point oppo site the cylinder port opening 18. The valve central v.chamber 30, hastwo ports 33, atan angle ofV `Witlnthe grooves 32, and exto theport 18, for each revolution of the valve. The ratio between the worm 15 and the worm wheel 25, is twice that between the pinion 28 and the gear 27, and, consequently, each piston makes two complete .strokes for each revolution of its valve 29. .lt is therefore necessary to have this double opening for each such revolution. Each valve 29, is fitted in a. bushing 35, with-apertures therein corresponding to the apertures in the chamber walls, and the bushing35 is slightly longer than its valve 29, so that the valve caps` 3S may be screwed tightly thereagainst, without interfering with the free rotary iovcmentof the valves.

'lhrough the central bore 38, ot'the control handle 37, which is intended to be connected to an air hose, live air is admitted through the op-ening `38a to either oi the ports 16 or 17. As air is admitted to one or the other of the ports 16 or 17, a groove 39, in the handle 37, connects the opposite port with the exhaust port 19. Also, if it is desired to out oill air from the motor, this may be done by turning the opening 38n into alignment with the exhaust port 19, as shown in Fig. 5.

The operation of my improved motor is as follows:

lrVhen the air control handle 37 is turned to the right, 'as'shown in Fig. 1, air flows from the hose connection through the hollow stem 38 and opening 38, into the port 16, and through the ducts 16b and openings 16a, to the grooves 32 and 32?, into the cylinder ports 18, and thereby actuates the pistons 2O therein. Exhaust air escapes from the cylinders 2, through the port-s 18 and valve ports 33 to the center 30 of the valve, then out through the port 31a, the groove 31, openings 17a, channel 17b to the port 17 and thence throughthe groove 3 9 and discharge port 19 to the atmosphere. f

As the valves 2S) rotate at afspeed which is one half the speed of the cranks 21, the valves function twice during a single revolution, and this is accomplished by having the ports 33 and grooves 32 located alternately and 900 apart on the periphery of the valve, so that as oneof these ports or grooves closes off connection to the port 18, another begins to open up to such port. Hence, when a piston 20 is at the top of a cylinder 2, just ready to start on its downward working stroke, the portl 32.a will begin to open and admit live air to the cylinder. When the piston has reached the'bottom of its stroke, port 32 will have. paszedby port 18 and is thus closed. Next in succession, port 33 will open up to port `18, and, as the piston begins its return stroke, the air in the'cylinder 2 will flow outl of the port 33 and escapeto the atmosphere, as is described above.

Vhilethis cycle is taking place in one cylinder the companion cylinder which is actly one-halt stroke behind (o1-'ahead of). the iirst pair, as the two cranks are set inv line oppositely or at an angle o 1800 apart.

In reversing the machine, the control han- `dle 37 is turned to the'right (as shown in Fig. 5), reversing the direction of flow of air and the operation of the machine by making the port 17 the live air port and the port 16 the exhaust air port. Thus, if thepiston in the right-hand cylinder shown in Fig. 3 had been travelling toward the top of the cylinder, thus exhausting the air therefrom, when the machine was stopped by the control throttle 37, the valve port 33 would still be slightly open to port 18. It now the throttle 37 were opened in the opposite direc-tion, live air would flow through the port 33 into the cylinder, and thus force the piston down the cylinder, on a working stroke, in a direction opposite to that of its previous movement. y y

Such reverse movement would immedi-l ately be transmitted through the crank, worm, worm wheel, and valve pinion tothe valve, so that the whole machine would thereupon function in a'reverse direction.

Fluid pressure motors, constructed in accordance with my invention, are light and compact, develop a high capacity, and are of such a designl that they may be readily and quickly assembled or dismantled.

The invention claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a fluid pressure motor construction, a housing; a worm gear mounted in a centrally disposed position in said housing; a tool-holding spindle mounted in the housing for operation by. said worm gear;a pair of cylinders supported bysaid housing at each side thereof and mounted in V-shaped relation to each other, pistons in said cylinders; a worm shaft mounted for intermeshing engagement with said worm gear and extending in connectingrelation to the apex ends of the V-members formed by the cylinders, pistons in the cylinders having operating connections with'the opposite ends of the worm shaft structure; ay cover cap section for said housing; saidcover cap section being adapted to be joined to the housing in a plane coincident with the axis of the worm shaft and parallel to the tool-holding spindle; and bearings for the worm shaft having oppositely extending trunnions, the joining edges of the housing and the cover cap section being provided with registering seating recesses in which the. trunnions of the bearings are received, whereby the removal of the cover cap section provides for the ref inoval of the worm shaft structure as a unit.

2. In a portable fluid pressure motor construction, a housing; a pairof cylinders mounted on each side of the housing, the members of each pair of. cylinders being mounted in a V-shaped relation Y to each other; a tool-operating worm gear mounted in a centrally disposed position in the h0using and extending' transversely thereacross and into the angles between the cylinders on the opposite sides of the housing; handle receiving members formed on the opposite sides of the casing and arranged toV support a pair of handles extending diam'etrically away from the worm gear structure; a worm shaft intermeshing with said worm gear and for the housing including the apex ends of the cylinder structures; saidv cover ca section being adapted to be joined to the iousing in a plane coincident. with the axis of the worm shaft; and bearings for the worm shaft having oppositelv extending trunnions, the l lioinlng edges of the housing and the vcover cap section being provided with reglstering seating recesses' in which the trunnions of the bearings `are received, whereby theremoval of treo-over cap section provides for the removal or the worm shaft struct-ure as a unit.

ERNEST WDUGHESNE.' 

